Drying Kinetics of Cassava Chips

This report has designedly been written for those massive organizations that run in danger of failure. Globally General motor is one of the most important cars and truck producing company, General Motors has been chosen as a case study. The rationale behind choice of selection as a case study is it’s hundred years of long history, business operations in 158 countries across the globe and filing for bankruptcy petition in year 2009 in an round the time of monetary crisis folks. Therefore, money information for 10 consecutive years of gram and its application of chapter11 bankruptcy petition are analyzed and compared with its world contestant Ford for comprehensive judgment. In addition to previous researches, that were restricted to solely money ratios, this analysis has been swollen on the far side money and enclosed external factors like economic and market economy. AN insight of varied disciplines, that have invariably been neglected has taken as an empirical and located the various conclusion. Whole analysis prospers through four totally different segments; from varied literature reviews and to money quantitative relation analysis. Subsequent to analysis an important outcome has been accomplished. This exploration suggests that for survival of enormous businesses data of economic is crucial besides money coming up with and management. Therefore, massive organization ought to keep self-regulation to take advantage of obtainable credit facility and don't exceeds its debts on the far side bound united limits. While taking strategic call, it's crucial to research base currency and its long run trends. Finally, multinationals must always implement innovation practices for his or her existence. Key words: Indebtedness affects, Avoid Bankruptcy, General motor’s financial analysi

How Different Behavior of Bosses Affect the Organization Performance

The behaviors of bosses in the organization determine the good and bad performances of employees. The purpose of this research is to identify behaviors of different bosses in various situations. Actually people or employees must be guided by bosses, who have a clear sense of direction. A group discussion approach has been adopted by the researchers in which department of management sciences of The Islamia University Bahawalpur has been taken for the discussion on boss behaviors. A qualitative approach has been adopted for content analysis of performance evaluation of employees in this university. Research has been taken from teaching staff of university and results are analyzed for the basis of group discussion. Results have shown that by compare and contrast method to evaluate the responses of teacher about their boss. Research have also shown that factors like displaying moral courage ,abusive supervision ,keep commitments and opportunity learn and grow are the potential hindrances in performances of teacher in this department .Proposals and implications for this department have also been discussed in order to improve the performance. Keywords: Human resource management, organization performance, teacher’s evaluation, work environment, bosses behavior, Department of management sciences Islamia University Bahawalpur (DMS, IUB

Keyword based Information Retrieval System for Urdu Document Images

International audienceVarious dynasties ruled the Indian sub-continent and left behind enormous and rich cultural heritage that also included intellectually enriched research in the shape of various documents scripted in Urdu. In order to provide efficient access to this knowledge, analysis though digitizing the existing work is the need of hour. In addition to digitization, efficient search mechanisms also need to be implemented to provide users a rapid access to the queried information. In most cases, the digitized documents are complemented by manually assigned tags which not only is a time consuming task but also provides a very limited search facility. Automating the transcription of these documents using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems is also challenging due to the very complex cursive nature of Urdu text. To overcome these limitations, a keyword spotting based information retrieval system for document images is introduced in this study. The proposed technique relies on two major modules, document indexing and retrieval. Images of documents are segmented into partial words (ligatures) and identical partial words (PWs) are grouped into clusters. We introduce the concept of considering each (partial) word as a unique shape and a set of shape descriptors is extracted to characterize the PWs. The clusters of PWs are used to index a given set of documents. During retrieval, the query word presented to the system is matched with the clusters in the database and all documents containing instances of the query word are retrieved and presented to the user. The system evaluated on a set of printed Urdu documents in Nastaliq font realized promising precision and recall rates

'All is done by Allah'. Understandings of Down syndrome and prenatal testing in Pakistan

Understanding the psychosocial impact of a congenital condition such as Down syndrome on affected individuals and their family requires an understanding of the cultural context in which they are situated. This study carried out in 2008 used Q-Methodology to characterize understandings of Down syndrome (DS) in Pakistan in a sample of health professionals, researchers and parents of children with the condition. Fifty statements originally developed for a UK study and translated into Urdu were Q-sorted by 60 participants. The use of factor analytic techniques identified three independent accounts and qualitative data collected during the Q-sorting exercise supported their interpretation. In two accounts, the 'will of God' was central to an understanding of the existence of people with DS although perceptions about the value and quality of life of the affected individual differed significantly between these accounts as did views about the impact on the family. The third account privileged a more 'scientific worldview' of DS as a genetic abnormality but also a belief that society can further contribute to disabling those affected. Attitudes towards prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy demonstrated that a belief in the will of Allah was not necessarily associated with a rejection of these technologies. Accounts reflect the religious, cultural and economic context of Pakistan and issues associated with raising a child with a learning disability in that country.Pakistan Down syndrome Prenatal testing Abortion Q-methodology Islam Religion Children

Data from: Umbilical vein oxytocin for the treatment of retained placenta (Release Study): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Retained placenta is associated with post-partum haemorrhage. Meta-analysis has suggested that umbilical injection of oxytocin could increase placental expulsion without the need for a surgeon or anaesthetic. We assessed the effect of high-dose umbilical vein oxytocin as a treatment for retained placenta. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, haemodynamically stable women with a retained placenta for more than 30 min were recruited from 13 sites in the UK, Uganda, and Pakistan. 577 women were randomly assigned by a computer-generated randomisation list stratified by centre to 30 mL saline containing either 50 IU oxytocin (n=292) or 5 mL water (n=285), which was injected into the placenta through an umbilical vein catheter. All trial participants, study workers, and data handlers were masked to individual allocations. The primary outcome was the need for manual removal of the placenta. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN 13204258. FINDINGS: The primary outcome was recorded for all participants. We detected no difference between the groups in the need for manual removal of placenta (oxytocin 179/292 [61.3%] vs placebo 177/285 [62.1%]; relative risk 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.12; p=0.84). The need for manual removal was higher in the UK (overall 250/361 [69%]) than in Uganda (90/190 [47%]) or Pakistan (16/26 [62%]). Adverse events did not differ between the two groups. INTERPRETATION: Umbilical oxytocin has no clinically significant effect on the need for manual removal for women with retained placenta. FUNDING: WHO, WellBeing of Women, Pakistan Higher Education Commission

Data from: Umbilical vein oxytocin for the treatment of retained placenta (Release Study): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Retained placenta is associated with post-partum haemorrhage. Meta-analysis has suggested that umbilical injection of oxytocin could increase placental expulsion without the need for a surgeon or anaesthetic. We assessed the effect of high-dose umbilical vein oxytocin as a treatment for retained placenta. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, haemodynamically stable women with a retained placenta for more than 30 min were recruited from 13 sites in the UK, Uganda, and Pakistan. 577 women were randomly assigned by a computer-generated randomisation list stratified by centre to 30 mL saline containing either 50 IU oxytocin (n=292) or 5 mL water (n=285), which was injected into the placenta through an umbilical vein catheter. All trial participants, study workers, and data handlers were masked to individual allocations. The primary outcome was the need for manual removal of the placenta. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN 13204258. FINDINGS: The primary outcome was recorded for all participants. We detected no difference between the groups in the need for manual removal of placenta (oxytocin 179/292 [61.3%] vs placebo 177/285 [62.1%]; relative risk 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.12; p=0.84). The need for manual removal was higher in the UK (overall 250/361 [69%]) than in Uganda (90/190 [47%]) or Pakistan (16/26 [62%]). Adverse events did not differ between the two groups. INTERPRETATION: Umbilical oxytocin has no clinically significant effect on the need for manual removal for women with retained placenta. FUNDING: WHO, WellBeing of Women, Pakistan Higher Education Commission

Homozygous FOXE3 mutations cause non-syndromic, bilateral, total sclerocornea, aphakia, microphthalmia and optic disc coloboma

PURPOSE: To investigate the genetic basis of recessively-inherited congenital, non syndromic, bilateral, total sclerocornea in two consanguineous pedigrees, one from the Punjab province of Pakistan and the other from the Tlaxcala province of Mexico. METHODS: Ophthalmic examinations were conducted on each family member to confirm their diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography of the eyes was performed on some family members. Genomic DNA was analyzed by homozygosity mapping using the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP array and linkage was confirmed with polymorphic microsatellite markers. Candidate genes were sequenced. RESULTS: A diagnosis of autosomal recessive sclerocornea was established for 7 members of the Pakistani and 8 members of the Mexican pedigrees. In the Pakistani family we established linkage to a region on chromosome 1p that contained Forkhead Box E3 (FOXE3), a strong candidate gene since FOXE3 mutations had previously been associated with various anterior segment abnormalities. Sequencing FOXE3 identified the previously reported nonsense mutation, c.720C>A, p.C240X, in the Pakistani pedigree and a novel missense mutation which disrupts an evolutionarily conserved residue in the forkhead domain, c.292T>C, p.Y98H, in the Mexican pedigree. Individuals with heterozygous mutations had no ocular abnormalities. MRI or ultrasonography confirmed that the patients with sclerocornea were also aphakic, had microphthalmia and some had optic disc coloboma. CONCLUSIONS: This is the fourth report detailing homozygous FOXE3 mutations causing anterior segment abnormalities in human patients. Previous papers have emphasized aphakia and microphthalmia as the primary phenotype, but we find that the initial diagnosis – and perhaps the only one possible in a rural setting – is one of non-syndromic, bilateral, total sclerocornea. Dominantly inherited anterior segment defects have also been noted in association with heterozygous FOXE3 mutations. However the absence of any abnormalities in the FOXE3 heterozygotes described suggests that genetic background and environmental factors plays a role in the penetrance of the mutant allele